In the large family of metal materials, titanium plays an important role in many fields due to its unique properties, such as light weight, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. As the two most commonly used grades of commercially pure titanium, primary titanium and secondary titanium have their own characteristics. This article will tell you the difference between primary titanium and secondary titanium, and help you choose the most suitable titanium for your project.
Chemical composition difference
Chemical composition is an important factor in determining material properties. Primary titanium and secondary titanium have subtle but critical differences in chemical composition.
| Element | Grade 1 Titanium | Grade 2 Titanium |
| Ti | ≥99.5% | ≥98.9% |
| O | ≤0.18% | ≤0.25% |
| Fe | ≤0.20% | ≤0.30% |
| C | ≤0.08% | ≤0.10% |
| N | ≤0.03% | ≤0.05% |
| H | ≤0.015% | ≤0.015% |
Comparison of Mechanical Properties
| Property | Grade 1 Titanium | Grade 2 Titanium |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 240 – 310 | 344 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 170 – 240 | 275 |
| Elongation (%) | 24 – 28 | 15 – 20 |
| Hardness (HRB) | 35 – 45 | 40 – 50 |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 110 – 120 | 110 – 120 |
Strength is an important indicator to measure the ability of a material to resist external force damage. From the data, the strength of secondary titanium is significantly higher than that of primary titanium. In terms of plasticity and toughness, primary titanium has superior performance in this regard, with excellent plasticity and toughness, and its elongation at break is about 24% – 28%. This means that it can undergo large-scale plastic deformation without cracking, which is very suitable for processing complex shapes. Secondary titanium has relatively low plasticity and toughness due to its high strength.
Hardness reflects the ability of a material to resist local incision or scratches. The hardness of primary titanium is relatively low, with a Rockwell B hardness of about 35, while the hardness of secondary titanium is slightly higher than this. In application scenarios that require a certain degree of wear resistance, secondary titanium may have more advantages, but in the case of high requirements for forming performance, the low hardness advantage of primary titanium is more obvious.
Differences in application scenarios
Although both are commercially pure titanium, primary titanium and secondary titanium have their own strengths in application fields due to their differences in characteristics.
Grade 1 titanium has better plasticity and formability, and is more suitable for fields with more complex shape requirements. For example, in the chemical industry, it is made into pipes for various equipment and instruments, such as heat exchangers, storage tanks, etc.; in the medical industry, it is used to make dental and orthopedic implants. In addition, it is also used to make exquisite jewelry and watch cases in the jewelry and watch industries.
Grade 2 titanium has higher strength and is more suitable for industries with higher strength requirements such as aerospace, building materials, and automotive parts. It is made into structural parts, equipment parts, etc. to improve performance and stability.
Production cost
There is no natural pure titanium in nature, so both grade 1 titanium and grade 2 titanium are produced through processing. Generally speaking, grade 1 titanium is relatively cheap because of its high purity, few impurities, and relatively low production difficulty. Grade 2 titanium has higher requirements on composition and performance, and has higher costs in the production and processing process, so the price is relatively expensive.
When choosing grade 1 titanium or grade 2 titanium, we need to comprehensively consider the specific application requirements and cost budget. If it is a non-critical component, the mechanical properties are not high, and the cost control and forming performance are more important, the first grade titanium is a good choice; for those parts with strict requirements on strength, wear resistance and other properties, even if the price is higher, the second grade titanium is more suitable.
Daxun Alloy Co., Ltd. provides high-quality titanium materials to customers from all over the world. Various grades of titanium materials, including first grade titanium and second grade titanium, can be supplied to meet various project requirements. If your project requires titanium materials, Daxun Alloy Co., Ltd. is the best choice. Please contact us immediately, we will provide you with the best price and service.